COX-2 in synovial tissues

Synovial tissues concentrate secreted APRIL

INTRODUCTION A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) from the TNF family, owing to its role in the generation and survival of plasma cells (PCs), is currently targeted for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. However, little is known about APRIL expression in RA lesions, hampering our understanding of the way APRIL may modulate this autoimmune disease. METHODS We performed immunological stain...

Reactive oxygen species induce Cox-2 expression via TAK1 activation in synovial fibroblast cells

Oxidative stress within the arthritis joint has been indicated to be involved in generating mediators for tissue degeneration and inflammation. COX-2 is a mediator in inflammatory action, pain and some catabolic reactions in inflamed tissues. Here, we demonstrated a direct relationship between oxidative stress and Cox-2 expression in the bovine synovial fibroblasts. Furthermore, we elucidated a...

Cyclooxygenase in normal human tissues – is COX-1 really a constitutive isoform, and COX-2 an inducible isoform?

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in prostanoid synthesis. It exists in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is referred to as a 'constitutive isoform', and is considered to be expressed in most tissues under basal conditions. In contrast, COX-2 is referred to as an 'inducible isoform', which is believed to be undetectable in most normal tissues, but can be up-regulated during various condit...

COX-1 and COX-2 products in the gut: therapeutic impact of COX-2 inhibitors.

Despite the considerable range of newly identified disease modifying approaches to the control of the inflammatory process reported over the past 10–20 years, only a few have yet gained widespread clinical acceptance. In contrast, the very recent advent of the class of anti-inflammatory agents termed COX-2 selective inhibitors is already having a significant impact on current clinical prescribi...

Haemosiderosis and haemochromatosis of synovial tissues.